Ideas from 'Monadology' by Gottfried Leibniz [1716], by Theme Structure

[found in 'Monadology and Other Philosophical Essays' by Leibniz,Gottfried (ed/tr Schrecker,P) [Bobbs-Merrill 1965,65-26531 (Cong)]].

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2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 2. Sufficient Reason

4642	No fact can be real and no proposition true unless there is a Sufficient Reason (even if we can't know it)

3. Truth / D. Coherence Truth / 1. Coherence Truth

2115	Everything in the universe is interconnected, so potentially a mind could know everything

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 3. Contradiction

2111	Falsehood involves a contradiction, and truth is contradictory of falsehood

7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 6. Fundamentals / c. Monads

7644	The monad idea incomprehensibly spiritualises matter, instead of materialising soul [La Mettrie]

11857

He replaced Aristotelian continuants with monads [Wiggins]

7843	Is a drop of urine really an infinity of thinking monads? [Voltaire]

12751

It is unclear in 'Monadology' how extended bodies relate to mind-like monads. [Garber]

19363

Changes in a monad come from an internal principle, and the diversity within its substance

19352

A 'monad' has basic perception and appetite; a 'soul' has distinct perception and memory

9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / e. Substance critique

7931	If a substance is just a thing that has properties, it seems to be a characterless non-entity [Macdonald,C]

9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 7. Indiscernible Objects

17554

There must be some internal difference between any two beings in nature

10. Modality / D. Knowledge of Modality / 1. A Priori Necessary

2112	Truths of reason are known by analysis, and are necessary; facts are contingent, and their opposites possible

12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 4. A Priori as Necessities

9344	Mathematical analysis ends in primitive principles, which cannot be and need not be demonstrated

12. Knowledge Sources / C. Rationalism / 1. Rationalism

2110	We all expect the sun to rise tomorrow by experience, but astronomers expect it by reason

15. Nature of Minds / B. Features of Minds / 3. Privacy

2109	Increase a conscious machine to the size of a mill - you still won't see perceptions in it

16. Persons / C. Self-Awareness / 2. Knowing the Self

19362

We know the 'I' and its contents by abstraction from awareness of necessary truths

26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / f. Ancient elements

12707

The true elements are atomic monads

28. God / A. Divine Nature / 3. Divine Perfections

2114	This is the most perfect possible universe, in its combination of variety with order

28. God / B. Proving God / 2. Proofs of Reason / a. Ontological Proof

2113	God alone (the Necessary Being) has the privilege that He must exist if He is possible